Archive for August, 2009

August 18th, 2009

Notion to Concept to Idea to Script: One Thought’s Journey

At least once a month, I get the same call from my father. It goes basically like this:

Dad: “I was (insert place here) and I saw (insert thing here) and it gave me a great idea for a show (insert high-concept show here). What do you think?”

Me: “Well, that’s great, but what’s the show about? Like what happens from week to week? What am I to expect out of this as a series (or movie)? Who do you see this appealing to? What’s the format you anticipate? Is it a serialized show or is it episodic?”

Dad: “I don’t know. I’m not a writer. Hey, so can you write me up a couple ‘a pages on that? K, thanks. Love you, bye!”

And so of course I mull over his high-concept idea and see if it has legs. Can it stand up week after week? Is there enough action and drama to further the story along to make it consistently compelling? Will the characters be rich enough with multi-dimensional pathos to sustain multiple seasons, if we’re even given such an amazing opportunity? And sometimes it does and sometimes it doesn’t, but what never changes is that I always have to ask all the questions of his notion to make sure that it will stand up to the inevitable scrutiny.

A notion is really only that, a flicker of an idea. It is the genesis of the story. So, for example, if I suddenly decided I wanted a popsicle, which is a very likely occurrence, that’s a notion. But thinking about the basic steps it’s going to take me to get that delicious popsicle out of its wrapper and into my mouth, is turning it into a concept. Thinking through each step more deeply, thinking of the challenges I might face, what if I’m out of popsicles, what if I die between the bedroom and the kitchen, what if scary ninjas with silver throwing stars, break in and toss them at me, anchoring me, immobile, to a wall mere inches away from the freezer? What then? Well, that’s an idea.

In screenwriting, a fact my father refuses to acknowledge, you need to know where you’re going at all times. You need to know where the character is going, because you’re their tour guide. You wouldn’t follow me with no supplies into the Amazon jungle merely because I said, “I think The Banana Republic Outlet is to the left.” You’d want to know my plan. What is my agenda? How will I accomplish my goal? What are you to expect from the journey? Taking your notion and developing it into a solid idea takes planning and plotting.

So starting with your notion, we’ll go through the steps about how to take your flicker of an idea and turn it into an actual idea. I’ll use a story I’ve previously used as an example “The taxi driver on his way to his daughter’s recital when he gets sidetracked by the mob. Will he make it to the recital by 3?” That’s its official working title. Catchy, no?

When I wrote this story for the first article, all I had was an image of a white, mid-40’s man (really the way I see Bruce Willis in my mind when I close my eyes and look at him through my heart) driving a taxi backwards through an alley at high speeds, a key of coke sliding around his back seat, covered in blood, and a dead mobster in the back. So I thought, hmm, a movie about a taxi driver, that isn’t Taxi Driver. Okay. But that’s it. That’s all I had. I had a key of coke, a dead mobster, a taxi driver and a backwards car chase through an alley. That’s more of a notion than my father has ever given me.

As I continued to write the article, I needed more details to illustrate another point. So, I went for it. I fleshed out my notion into a concept. I gave him a mission, I gave him obstacles, I gave him a ticking clock to build in suspense, I gave him peripheral characters to make his life more-well rounded. I gave him some depth. And it became this concept: “A taxi driver is on the run from the mob, after one mobster is whacked in his cab, but when he tries to return the drugs and it all goes wrong, it seems like he’s never going to make it to his daughter’s recital on time.”

Well, this was a long article, “The Three-Act Structure and You,” and of course I had to wrap it up to show why being structured is so important. So, I turned my concept into an idea. I had a plan. I knew who this character was, who his antagonists were, I gave him love, and life, and death and pain, and complications and misery but ultimately satisfaction and resolution. When my husband read the article he sad “Hmm, you should write this movie. You’ve already done all the work.” And to some degree he was right. And to some degree he was very wrong.

Taking your idea, the briefest road map to your story and turning that into a script is almost the same as turning a concept into an idea, only times that by 10. As you take your idea and break it down into acts, the taxi driver character set up, the inciting event, the mobster, being chased, having to get to his daughter etc, you discover that while you have the broad strokes of what happens, your paragraph idea isn’t enough to rest an outline on.

So each element of your idea needs to be fleshed out. It’s like your idea is a Gremlin and you just splashed it with water. You need loads of Gremlins to make it fun but you need just a little bit of food after midnight in order to make it dramatic!

There’s a line in Annie Hall that really sums it up. “Right now it’s only a notion, but I think I can get money to make a concept and then later I can turn it into an idea.” It’s funny because it’s true, on both levels. It’s a valid and amusing commentary on Hollywood’s shtick through Woody’s eyes. But more importantly, it’s funny because it honestly shows the development required to take my dad’s high-concept notion and turn it into a viable property. It does take time. It does require steps. But that is also the craft of writing.

So, what’s my prescription for that notion that’s plaguing you? Day dream in a hammock, vacuum, like my husband does, watch your movie in your mind while you float in a pool. I often joke that 90% of writing is napping, but in this case, taking a notion and turning it into an idea, requires as much time as it takes for you to figure out the whole story. No more and no less. And the best part of this plan, if you don’t get it right the first time, you can always nap again tomorrow.

August 10th, 2009

The Importance of Being Structured

Everyone knows the story of Hansel and Gretel. Convinced the only way to save their impoverished family was to abandon their two children in the terrifying wood, Hansel and Gretel’s step-mother insisted that their father take them deep into the forest and leave them there. Being cunning, clever, resourceful children, and having overheard their evil step-mother’s plan, they filled their pockets with breadcrumbs in order to leave a trail to find their way back home.

Well, crafting good film structure is a lot like leaving a trail of breadcrumbs so your audience can find their way home. As a writer it is your responsibility to carry, to direct, to tantalize your audience into following you on your journey. Every crumb you leave is another detail, another character, another plot point and together, after they’ve all been collected, they should bring the audience to a satisfying climax or, in other words, lead them home.

Regardless of genre, structure is the skeleton that your story rests upon. The characters, the plot points, the mood, the setting, they’re all just skin and muscles and ribbons in hair, but they’ll never be as important as the skeleton. Without a skeleton, a solid foundation on which to build, it doesn’t matter that your story is a macho muscle man, with long flowing hair resembling sexy wheat, if he is a boneless puddle of skin and tissue lying immovable on the ground.

When the structure is off, I get bored. I get bored, because I feel lost and adrift. When I’m lost and adrift, my mind wanders. I think about emails, or where I’m going next, or about the piece of popcorn stuck in my teeth. I’ll think about anything, other than your film. And you don’t want my mind wandering to that sweater I wanted but didn’t buy because it wasn’t on sale. You want my full-undivided attention for as long as your script / film is.

As an audience member, I want you, as the writer, to own me. I should be so invested in your story that I would follow you into a fire because I just have to see what’s on the other side. Whether you’re doing alternative structure or traditional three-act structure, telling a story is telling a story. You follow each bread crumb, until you’ve collected them all and wind up at your destination.

So, recently when I was talking with my best friend Scott about a movie we had just seen, he said he loved it. While I had laughed at the jokes, I felt the structure was off and therefore the movie seemed, to me anyway, like a 1000 hours of lugubrious uphill battle. I was exhausted from trying to figure out what act we were in, if the dark moment had passed, who the main character was because we spent equal time with everyone. Scott felt that I get too hung up on structure and sometimes it’s nice when they mix it up. While I couldn’t argue with that, what I could argue is that structure is important because without it, you get lost in the story, and not in a good way.

Imagine instead of dropping a measured trail of breadcrumbs, Hansel and Gretel chose to throw their breadcrumbs buckshot, willy nilly, all over the place. While the wild life those crumbs would attract would be beautiful and diverse and unexpected, Hansel and Gretel would be no closer to reaching their goal. Applying that same principle, if you as a screenwriter choose to scatter your story to the wind, relying on the details to carry your audience, your film simply won’t work.

Screenwriting is an artful balancing act. Every scene must build upon the next scene which must build upon the next, like a pyramid. Each moment being supported by and supporting the next. Whereas in other writing, prose, fiction, even non-fiction, you have the space to slowly spin your yarn, you have page after page to describe the pattern on a character’s blouse without it detracting from your overall piece. In screenwriting, brevity is king and without a clear cut travel itinerary your audience will be lost forever.

Structure is so important because as a story teller you want to tell your story in the fastest way to illicit the greatest response. You have a lot to accomplish and only a small amount of space in which to do it. You should have a main character who experiences growth throughout the piece and takes most of the focus. You should have a villain or detractor of some sort, constantly throwing road blocks in the hero’s way. You should have sub-plots and comedy and drama (regardless of genre) to provide the tension and the release needed to create an edge-of-your-seat story. You should have supporting characters and issues. That’s a lot of business to jam pack into a movie, leaving you with no time to waste.

When you go to write your next project, imagine you’re back in high school and you’re going out for the evening, but your father stops you at the door and cross-examines you about your nighttime agenda. He wants to know where you’re going, with whom, what you will be doing, and as if that’s not enough, he wants to know when you’ll be home. Well screenwriting is the same thing. You should know where your character is going, with whom and what he’ll be doing and where and when he’s going to wind up back at “home.” All of those elements are related to structure. If you miss one of those key points, your story will suffer. Your audience will get lost in the woods, and your script / film will feel like it’s a 1000 hours of wandering through the forest looking for the hint of a trail home.

So, while Scott was correct, that sometimes it is nice to mix it up, it also has to pay off for your audience in the end. It can’t be rambling or unfocused. You can’t use “But it’s alternative structure” as an excuse for shoddy craftsmanship. The best writers know that alternative structure is really traditional three act structure, dressed up for Halloween. At its core, your story has to be a clear path from Point A to Point B. The rest, the details, the minutia, that’s all window dressing, unique to each writer. It is in that area where your creativity, your cleverness, your genius can shine. I won’t be daydreaming about getting a pedicure or thinking about which has more carbs, a pizza or a chocolate cake. I’ll just see the story as you intended.

Apparently, when Hansel and Gretel finally did find their way home, after escaping from the evil witch who tried to bake them into gingerbread, they found yet another witch waiting for them, their step-mother… can anyone say sequel?